To determine the percentage gain or loss for the trader, we need to follow a series of steps to calculate the total cost, the total revenue from sales, and then find the percentage change based on these values. Let's break it down step-by-step. ### Step 1: Calculate the Total Cost of Oranges The trader bought 100 oranges at a rate of 5 oranges for N1.20. 1. **Find the cost per orange:** \[ \text{Cost per orange} = \frac{N1.20}{5} = N0.24 \] 2. **Calculate the total cost for 100 oranges:** \[ \text{Total cost} = 100 \times N0.24 = N24.00 \] ### Step 2: Determine the Number of Oranges Sold Out of the 100 oranges, 20 got spoilt. Therefore, the number of oranges that were sold is: \[ \text{Oranges sold} = 100 - 20 = 80 \] ### Step 3: Calculate the Total Revenue from Sales The remaining 80 oranges were sold at a rate of 4 oranges for N1.50. 1. **Find the revenue per orange:** \[ \text{Revenue per orange} = \frac{N1.50}{4} = N0.375 \] 2. **Calculate the total revenue from selling 80 oranges:** \[ \text{Total revenue} = 80 \times N0.375 = N30.00 \] ### Step 4: Calculate the Gain or Loss Now, we can find the gain or loss by subtracting the total cost from the total revenue. \[ \text{Gain or Loss} = \text{Total Revenue} - \text{Total Cost} = N30.00 - N24.00 = N6.00 \] Since the total revenue is greater than the total cost, this is a gain. ### Step 5: Calculate the Percentage Gain To find the percentage gain, we use the formula: \[ \text{Percentage Gain} = \left( \frac{\text{Gain}}{\text{Total Cost}} \right) \times 100 \] Substituting the values we have: \[ \text{Percentage Gain} = \left( \frac{N6.00}{N24.00} \right) \times 100 = 25\% \] ### Conclusion The correct answer is **B. 25% gain**. ### Explanation of Other Options - **Option A (30% gain)**: This option is incorrect because the calculated percentage gain is 25%, not 30%. The calculations show that the gain is based on the actual cost and revenue, which does not support this option. - **Option C (30% loss)**: This option is incorrect because there is no loss; the trader made a gain of N6.00. A loss would imply that the total revenue was less than the total cost, which is not the case here. - **Option D (25% loss)**: This option is incorrect for the same reason as option C. The trader did not incur a loss; instead, they made a gain of 25%. ### Revision Summary - The total cost of 100 oranges was N24.00. - After spoiling 20 oranges, 80 were sold, generating a total revenue of N30.00. - The gain was N6.00, leading to a percentage gain of 25%. - The correct answer is **B. 25% gain**.