The correct option for the question "The defence of the territorial integrity of a country by her people is part of?" is D. duties and obligation. Detailed Explanation:

1. Understanding Territorial Integrity:
2. Territorial integrity refers to the right of a state to defend its borders and maintain its sovereignty over its territory. This means that the people of a country have a responsibility to protect their land from external threats or invasions.
3. Defining Duties and Obligations:
4. Duties and obligations in the context of civic education refer to the responsibilities that citizens have towards their country. This includes various forms of civic engagement, such as voting, paying taxes, and, importantly, defending the nation when necessary.
5. Why Option D is Correct:
6. The defence of territorial integrity is fundamentally a duty of the citizens. When a country faces threats, it is the obligation of its people to stand up and protect their homeland. This can manifest in various ways, including military service, community defense initiatives, or even civil resistance against foreign aggression. Thus, the act of defending the country is a civic duty that citizens are expected to uphold.

Why the Other Options are Incorrect:

• A. Political Participation:
• Political participation refers to the ways in which citizens engage in the political process, such as voting, campaigning, or being involved in political discussions. While defending the country can be seen as a form of political engagement, it is not primarily categorized under political participation. Instead, it is more about fulfilling a civic duty.
• B. Political Culture:
• Political culture encompasses the attitudes, beliefs, and values that shape the political behavior of a society. While a strong sense of national pride and identity can influence how citizens view their duty to defend their country, the act of defending territorial integrity itself is not a cultural aspect but rather a responsibility.
• C. Self-Determination:
• Self-determination refers to the right of a people to determine their own political status and pursue their economic, social, and cultural development. While self-determination can involve defending one's territory, it is more about the broader concept of autonomy and governance rather than the specific duty of defense.

Summary of Key Points:

• Territorial integrity is the right of a state to protect its borders.
• Duties and obligations refer to the responsibilities of citizens, including defense.
• The act of defending a country is primarily a civic duty, not just political participation or cultural identity.
• Understanding these concepts helps clarify the role of citizens in maintaining national sovereignty.

This thorough understanding of civic duties, particularly in the context of defending territorial integrity, is crucial for students preparing for exams in civic education.