Correct Option: A. Strong ties with Western powers Detailed Explanation:

1. Understanding Non-Alignment Policy:
2. Non-alignment refers to a foreign policy stance where a country does not formally align itself with any major power bloc, particularly during the Cold War era. Countries adopting this policy aim to maintain independence in international relations and avoid being drawn into conflicts between superpowers.
3. Nigeria's Non-Alignment Policy:
4. Nigeria, since its independence in 1960, has espoused a non-alignment policy, particularly in the context of the Cold War. This policy was intended to allow Nigeria to pursue its national interests without being beholden to either the Western or Eastern blocs.
5. Strong Ties with Western Powers:
6. Despite its non-alignment stance, Nigeria has developed strong ties with Western powers, particularly the United States and the United Kingdom. These relationships are often based on economic interests, military cooperation, and political support.
7. For instance, Nigeria has received military aid, economic assistance, and diplomatic support from Western nations, which can create a dependency that constrains its ability to act independently on the global stage. This dependency can lead to a situation where Nigeria's foreign policy decisions are influenced by the interests of these Western powers, thus undermining its non-alignment policy.
8. Why Other Options Are Weaker:
9. B. Membership of the ECOWAS:
   • While Nigeria is a member of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), this membership does not inherently conflict with its non-alignment policy. In fact, ECOWAS promotes regional cooperation and stability, which can align with Nigeria's interests without compromising its non-alignment stance.
10. C. Afrocentric Posture:
    • Nigeria's Afrocentric posture emphasizes its role as a leader in Africa and its commitment to African unity and development. This stance does not necessarily constrain its non-alignment policy; rather, it can complement it by allowing Nigeria to engage with other African nations without aligning with external powers.
11. D. Membership of the UNO:
    • Membership in the United Nations Organization (UNO) is a common practice for most countries and does not conflict with a non-alignment policy. In fact, the UNO provides a platform for Nigeria to assert its independence and engage in multilateral diplomacy without being tied to any specific power bloc.

Summary of Key Points:

• Nigeria's non-alignment policy aims to maintain independence in international relations.
• Strong ties with Western powers can create dependencies that limit Nigeria's ability to act independently.
• Membership in ECOWAS, an Afrocentric posture, and UNO membership do not inherently conflict with Nigeria's non-alignment policy.
• Understanding the nuances of international relations is crucial for grasping the complexities of Nigeria's foreign policy.

This thorough understanding of Nigeria's non-alignment policy and its constraints will help you in your revision and preparation for related exam questions.