The correct option for the question regarding the review of the ECOWAS Treaty in 1991 is B. make it responsive to new challenges. Detailed Explanation:

1. Understanding ECOWAS: The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) was established in 1975 with the aim of promoting economic integration and cooperation among its member states. Over the years, the political and economic landscape of West Africa changed significantly, necessitating a review of the treaty to address new realities.
2. The 1991 Review: The review of the ECOWAS Treaty in 1991 was primarily aimed at making the organization more effective in responding to the evolving political, economic, and social challenges in the region. This included addressing issues such as political instability, conflicts, and the need for a more robust framework for economic cooperation.
3. New Challenges: By the early 1990s, West Africa was facing numerous challenges, including civil wars, coups, and economic crises. The review sought to enhance ECOWAS's capacity to manage these challenges through mechanisms for conflict resolution, peacekeeping, and economic collaboration. This was a significant shift from its original focus, which was primarily on economic integration.
4. Why Option B is Correct: The emphasis on making ECOWAS responsive to new challenges reflects the organization's need to adapt to the changing dynamics of the region. The 1991 review introduced provisions for collective security and conflict resolution, which were essential for maintaining peace and stability in West Africa.

Analysis of Other Options:

• Option A: Accommodate the interest of France: This option is incorrect because the review was not specifically aimed at accommodating any single country's interests, including France. While France has historical ties with many West African countries, the focus of the treaty review was on regional cooperation and addressing the collective needs of member states.
• Option C: Accommodate extra sub-regional interests: While the review did consider the interests of various member states, the primary goal was not merely to accommodate extra sub-regional interests but to create a more cohesive and effective regional organization. The focus was on addressing broader challenges rather than just accommodating additional interests.
• Option D: Mobilize ECOMOG: ECOMOG (Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group) was indeed a significant development in the context of ECOWAS, particularly for peacekeeping. However, the review of the treaty was not solely about mobilizing ECOMOG; it was about establishing a framework for collective security and conflict resolution, which included but was not limited to ECOMOG.

Summary of Key Points:

• The ECOWAS Treaty was reviewed in 1991 to enhance the organization's ability to respond to new political, economic, and social challenges in West Africa.
• The review introduced mechanisms for conflict resolution and collective security, reflecting the need for a more robust regional response to instability.
• The focus was on regional cooperation and integration rather than accommodating the interests of specific countries or sub-regions.
• Understanding the historical context and challenges faced by ECOWAS is crucial for grasping the significance of the treaty review.

This thorough understanding of the ECOWAS Treaty review will help you grasp the importance of adaptability in regional organizations and the need to respond to changing circumstances effectively.