Correct Option: C. Industrial Action Explanation of Why the Answer is Correct: Labour unions are organizations that represent the collective interests of workers. One of the primary ways they protect these interests is through industrial action. This term encompasses various forms of collective action taken by workers to express their grievances, demand better working conditions, or negotiate for higher wages. Step-by-Step Breakdown:

1. Definition of Industrial Action: Industrial action refers to activities undertaken by workers, often organized by unions, to disrupt normal operations in a workplace. This can include strikes, work-to-rule, and other forms of protest.
2. Purpose of Industrial Action: The main goal of industrial action is to exert pressure on employers or the government to address specific issues affecting workers. This could be related to pay, working conditions, job security, or other employment terms.
3. Types of Industrial Action:
4. Strikes: Workers stop working entirely to demand changes.
5. Work-to-Rule: Employees perform their duties exactly as per the rules, which can slow down productivity.
6. Picketing: Workers may gather outside their workplace to protest and raise awareness about their demands.
7. Historical Context: Industrial action has a long history in labor movements. It has been a crucial tool for achieving significant labor rights, such as the eight-hour workday, minimum wage laws, and safe working conditions.
8. Legal Framework: In many countries, there are legal protections for workers engaging in industrial action, which helps ensure that they can advocate for their rights without fear of retaliation.

Explanation of Why the Other Options are Wrong or Weaker:

• A. Police Action: This option is incorrect because police action typically refers to law enforcement activities aimed at maintaining order or enforcing laws. While police may be involved in situations where industrial action leads to public disturbances, they do not protect workers' interests. Instead, they often act on behalf of employers or the state to maintain order.
• B. Hunger Strike: While a hunger strike can be a form of protest, it is not a common or established method used by labour unions to protect workers' interests. Hunger strikes are more individual acts of protest and do not have the same collective impact as industrial action. They are also less effective in negotiating terms with employers.
• D. Mass Resignation: This option suggests that workers would resign en masse to express their dissatisfaction. While this can be a powerful statement, it is not a typical or strategic method employed by unions. Mass resignation can lead to job loss for workers and may not effectively pressure employers to change policies. It lacks the organized approach that industrial action provides.

Revision Summary:

• Industrial action is a primary method used by labour unions to protect workers' interests.
• It includes various forms of collective action, such as strikes and work-to-rule.
• The goal is to negotiate better working conditions, pay, and job security.
• Other options like police action, hunger strikes, and mass resignation are less effective or not typical methods for unions.