**Correct Option: A. Filtration** ### Detailed Explanation: **1. Understanding the Mixture:** A heterogeneous mixture consists of two or more components that are not uniformly distributed. In this case, we have a solid mixed with a liquid. The solid particles are distinct and can be separated from the liquid phase. **2. Filtration as a Separation Technique:** Filtration is a physical separation method that is specifically designed to separate solids from liquids. The process involves passing the mixture through a filter medium (like filter paper or a membrane) that allows the liquid to pass through while retaining the solid particles. **Step-by-Step Process of Filtration:** - **Setup:** A filter paper is placed in a funnel, which is positioned over a receiving container (like a beaker). - **Pouring the Mixture:** The heterogeneous mixture of solid and liquid is poured into the funnel. - **Separation:** The liquid (filtrate) passes through the filter paper, while the solid (residue) is trapped on the filter paper. - **Collection:** The liquid is collected in the beaker, and the solid can be removed from the filter paper for further analysis or disposal. **3. Why Other Options Are Incorrect:** - **B. Distillation:** - **Explanation:** Distillation is a technique used to separate components of a mixture based on differences in boiling points. It is primarily used for separating liquids from liquids or for purifying liquids. Since we are dealing with a solid-liquid mixture, distillation is not suitable for separating the solid from the liquid. - **C. Chromatography:** - **Explanation:** Chromatography is a method used to separate components of a mixture based on their different affinities for a stationary phase and a mobile phase. It is typically used for separating small quantities of substances, especially in solutions, and is not ideal for separating a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture. - **D. Centrifugation:** - **Explanation:** Centrifugation involves spinning a mixture at high speeds to separate components based on their densities. While it can separate solids from liquids, it is more commonly used for suspensions or emulsions and requires specialized equipment. Filtration is simpler and more direct for separating a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture. ### Summary of Key Points: - **Filtration** is the most appropriate method for separating solids from liquids in heterogeneous mixtures. - It works by using a filter medium to allow liquids to pass while retaining solids. - Other methods like distillation, chromatography, and centrifugation are not suitable for this specific separation task. - Understanding the nature of the mixture is crucial in selecting the right separation technique. ### Revision Summary: - Filtration is ideal for separating solids from liquids in heterogeneous mixtures. - The process involves using a filter to retain solids while allowing liquids to pass through. - Distillation, chromatography, and centrifugation are not suitable for this specific separation. - Always consider the properties of the components in a mixture when choosing a separation method.