The correct option for separating a soluble solid from a liquid in a homogeneous mixture is **C. Evaporation**. ### Detailed Explanation: 1. **Understanding the Mixture**: - A homogeneous mixture is one where the components are uniformly distributed, meaning you cannot see the individual parts. In this case, we have a soluble solid (like salt or sugar) dissolved in a liquid (like water). 2. **Separation Techniques**: - **A. Filtration**: This method is used to separate insoluble solids from liquids. In filtration, a filter paper is used to trap solid particles while allowing the liquid to pass through. Since the solid in our case is soluble, it would pass through the filter with the liquid, making this method unsuitable. - **B. Distillation**: This technique is primarily used to separate liquids based on their boiling points. It involves heating a liquid to create vapor and then cooling the vapor to collect it as a liquid. While distillation can separate a liquid from a dissolved solid, it is not the most efficient method for this specific scenario, as it is more complex and typically used for separating different liquids or purifying a liquid. - **C. Evaporation**: This is the most suitable method for our scenario. When we heat the homogeneous mixture, the liquid (solvent) will evaporate, leaving the soluble solid behind. This process is straightforward and effective for recovering the solid from the solution. For example, if you have saltwater, heating it will cause the water to evaporate, and the salt will remain as a solid residue. - **D. Chromatography**: This technique is used to separate components of a mixture based on their different affinities to a stationary phase and a mobile phase. It is more suitable for separating different colored substances or compounds in a mixture rather than separating a solid from a liquid. 3. **Why Other Options Are Incorrect**: - **Filtration** is ineffective for soluble solids because it cannot separate them from the liquid. - **Distillation** is more complex and not necessary for simply separating a soluble solid from a liquid when evaporation is sufficient. - **Chromatography** is not designed for this type of separation and is more suited for analyzing mixtures rather than isolating a solid from a liquid. ### Example Calculation: If you have a solution of 10 grams of salt dissolved in 100 mL of water, and you want to recover the salt: - Heat the solution until all the water evaporates. - The salt will remain as a solid. ### Common Pitfalls: - Confusing filtration with evaporation: Remember that filtration is for insoluble solids. - Overthinking the process: Evaporation is often the simplest and most effective method for recovering soluble solids from a liquid. ### Revision Summary: - **Evaporation** is the best method for separating a soluble solid from a liquid in a homogeneous mixture. - **Filtration** is only for insoluble solids. - **Distillation** is more complex and used for separating liquids. - **Chromatography** is for analyzing mixtures, not for separating solids from liquids.