The correct answer is D. Clifford Constitution.
Detailed Explanation
Understanding the Context:
Nigeria's journey towards self-governance involved several constitutional changes. Each constitution aimed to address the political needs and aspirations of the Nigerian people at different times in history.
The Clifford Constitution:
The Clifford Constitution was enacted in 1922 and is recognized as the first federal constitution in Nigeria. It marked a significant shift from the previous system of indirect rule and introduced a legislative council that included elected representatives, albeit limited to a small number of educated Nigerians.
This constitution laid the groundwork for future constitutional developments and was a response to the growing demand for political representation among Nigerians.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
A. Lyttelton Constitution: This constitution was introduced in 1954 and is known for furthering the federal structure of Nigeria. However, it came after the Clifford Constitution and was not the first.
B. Independence Constitution: This constitution was enacted in 1960, marking Nigeria's independence from British colonial rule. It was a significant milestone but not the first federal constitution.
C. Macpherson Constitution: Introduced in 1951, this constitution aimed to provide a more representative government but was still not the first. It followed the Clifford Constitution and was part of the evolution towards self-governance.
Key Features of the Clifford Constitution:
Established a Legislative Council with a mix of appointed and elected members.
Limited the franchise to a small, educated elite, which meant that only a fraction of the population could vote.
Set the stage for subsequent constitutional reforms by highlighting the need for broader representation.
Common Pitfalls:
Students often confuse the chronological order of the constitutions. It is essential to remember that the Clifford Constitution was the first, followed by the Macpherson, Lyttelton, and then the Independence Constitution.
Misunderstanding the term "federal constitution" can lead to confusion. The Clifford Constitution is considered federal because it established a legislative framework that included various regions of Nigeria.
Revision Summary
The Clifford Constitution (1922) is the first federal constitution in Nigeria.
It introduced a Legislative Council with limited representation.
Subsequent constitutions (Macpherson, Lyttelton, Independence) built upon its framework.
Understanding the chronological order of these constitutions is crucial for grasping Nigeria's political evolution.