Correct Option: C. Decolonization of Africa Detailed Explanation: The Organization of African Unity (OAU), established in 1963, was primarily focused on promoting unity and cooperation among African states. One of its most significant achievements was its role in the decolonization of Africa. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of why option C is the correct answer:

1. Historical Context:
2. In the mid-20th century, many African nations were still under colonial rule. The OAU was formed at a time when the continent was striving for independence from European powers. The organization aimed to support and facilitate the liberation of African countries from colonialism.
3. Support for Liberation Movements:
4. The OAU provided political and diplomatic support to liberation movements across Africa. It recognized the right of African peoples to self-determination and actively supported countries fighting against colonial rule. This included backing groups in countries like Angola, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe, which were struggling against colonial powers.
5. Promotion of Solidarity:
6. The OAU fostered a sense of solidarity among African nations. By uniting various countries under a common cause, it helped to create a collective front against colonialism. This unity was crucial in the fight for independence, as it encouraged nations to support each other politically and militarily.
7. Establishment of Principles:
8. The OAU adopted principles that emphasized the importance of sovereignty and territorial integrity. These principles were vital in the fight against colonialism, as they reinforced the idea that African nations had the right to govern themselves without external interference.
9. Impact on Decolonization:
10. The efforts of the OAU contributed significantly to the wave of decolonization that swept across Africa in the 1960s and 1970s. By the time the OAU was dissolved in 2001 and replaced by the African Union (AU), most African countries had gained independence.

Why the Other Options Are Wrong or Weaker:

• A. Eradication of Poverty:
• While the OAU aimed to promote economic development and cooperation among member states, it did not directly achieve the eradication of poverty. Poverty alleviation is a complex issue that involves various factors, including economic policies, governance, and international relations. The OAU's primary focus was on political unity and decolonization rather than directly addressing poverty.
• B. Establishment of Democracy in Africa:
• The OAU did advocate for democratic governance and human rights, but it was not primarily responsible for establishing democracy across the continent. Many member states continued to experience authoritarian regimes during the OAU's existence. The promotion of democracy became a more pronounced focus of the African Union, which succeeded the OAU.
• D. Promotion of Development:
• Although the OAU did promote development initiatives, its main achievement was in the political realm, particularly in decolonization. Development is a broad term that encompasses economic, social, and political aspects, and while the OAU contributed to development discussions, it was not its defining achievement.

Revision Summary:

• The OAU's major achievement was the decolonization of Africa, supporting liberation movements and promoting unity among African nations.
• It provided political and diplomatic backing to countries fighting against colonial rule.
• The organization established principles emphasizing sovereignty and territorial integrity, crucial for self-determination.
• While the OAU aimed for development and democracy, its primary focus and success lay in the political realm of decolonization.