Correct Option: D. Murtala Muhammed Explanation of the Correct Answer: Nigeria's commitment to the policy of non-alignment during the regime of Murtala Muhammed is significant for several reasons:

1. Historical Context: The policy of non-alignment emerged during the Cold War, a period characterized by intense rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union. Many newly independent nations, including Nigeria, sought to avoid being drawn into this ideological conflict. Murtala Muhammed, who came to power in 1975, was a strong advocate for this policy, emphasizing Nigeria's independence in foreign affairs.
2. Murtala Muhammed's Foreign Policy: Under Muhammed's leadership, Nigeria adopted a foreign policy that was assertive yet non-aligned. He believed in the importance of African unity and independence from external powers. His administration focused on supporting liberation movements in Africa, particularly in Southern Africa, while maintaining a stance that did not align Nigeria with either of the superpowers.
3. Key Actions: Murtala Muhammed's government took several steps that reflected its non-aligned stance:
4. Support for Liberation Movements: Nigeria provided support to anti-colonial movements in countries like Angola, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe, which showcased its commitment to African solidarity and independence.
5. Promotion of African Unity: He was instrumental in the establishment of the Organization of African Unity (OAU), which aimed to promote unity and cooperation among African states, further reinforcing Nigeria's non-aligned position.
6. Legacy: The non-aligned policy during Muhammed's regime laid the groundwork for Nigeria's future foreign relations. His approach was seen as a way to assert Nigeria's role as a leader in Africa and a voice for developing nations on the global stage.

Explanation of Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

• A. Ibrahim Babangida: While Babangida's regime (1985-1993) did engage in foreign policy initiatives, it was marked by a more pragmatic approach that sometimes aligned with Western interests, particularly in economic matters. His administration was also characterized by a focus on economic reforms and structural adjustment programs, which did not strongly emphasize non-alignment.
• B. Muhammadu Buhari: Buhari's first regime (1983-1985) was primarily focused on internal issues such as corruption and economic management. His foreign policy did not prominently feature non-alignment, as Nigeria was more concerned with stabilizing its economy and governance during this period.
• C. Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi: Aguiyi-Ironsi's rule (1966) was very short-lived and primarily focused on addressing the internal strife following Nigeria's first coup. His government did not have the opportunity to establish a clear foreign policy direction, particularly one centered on non-alignment.

Summary of Key Points:

• Murtala Muhammed's regime (1975-1976) was characterized by a strong commitment to non-alignment during the Cold War.
• His foreign policy emphasized African unity and support for liberation movements across the continent.
• The legacy of his non-aligned stance influenced Nigeria's role in international relations and its leadership in Africa.
• Other leaders, such as Babangida, Buhari, and Aguiyi-Ironsi, did not prioritize non-alignment in the same way during their respective tenures.