Correct Option: D. Satisfy British economic interest Detailed Explanation: The primary motivation for British colonization of Nigeria was to satisfy British economic interests. This can be understood through several key points:

1. Economic Exploitation: The British were primarily interested in Nigeria's vast natural resources, including palm oil, rubber, and later, tin and coal. These resources were crucial for fueling the Industrial Revolution in Britain, which created a high demand for raw materials. By colonizing Nigeria, the British aimed to secure a steady supply of these resources.
2. Trade Routes and Markets: Nigeria's geographical location made it a strategic point for trade routes. The British sought to establish control over these routes to facilitate trade not only within Nigeria but also with other parts of Africa and Europe. By colonizing Nigeria, they could expand their market for British goods and ensure that local products were sold to British companies.
3. Investment Opportunities: The British government and private investors were keen on investing in infrastructure, such as railways and ports, to enhance the extraction and export of resources. This investment was driven by the potential for profit, which was a significant factor in the decision to colonize.
4. Control Over Labor: Colonization allowed the British to control the labor force in Nigeria. They implemented systems that ensured that local populations worked in the extraction of resources and in plantations, often under harsh conditions. This control was essential for maximizing profits from the colonies.
5. Political Stability for Economic Gain: The British often justified their colonization efforts by claiming they were bringing stability and governance to the region. However, this was largely a means to an end—establishing a political structure that would facilitate their economic exploitation of Nigeria.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

• A. Westernize Nigerians: While the British did promote Western education and governance structures, this was not the primary motivation for colonization. The focus was more on economic gain than on cultural or social transformation. Westernization was often a byproduct of colonization rather than its main goal.
• B. Spread religion: The spread of Christianity was indeed a part of British colonial policy, but it was not the major motivation. Missionary activities often accompanied colonization, but they were secondary to the economic interests that drove the British to establish control over Nigeria.
• C. Protect Nigeria from external attack: This option suggests a defensive motive for colonization, which is misleading. The British were more concerned with securing their own interests and expanding their empire than with protecting Nigeria from external threats. In fact, the British often created conflicts to justify their presence and control over the region.

Revision Summary:

• The primary motivation for British colonization of Nigeria was to satisfy economic interests, particularly in natural resources.
• Control over trade routes and labor was crucial for maximizing profits from the colony.
• While Westernization and religious spread occurred, they were not the main reasons for colonization.
• The idea of protecting Nigeria from external threats was a justification rather than a genuine motive for British colonization.