### Correct Option: B. Pressure is inversely proportional to volume. ### Detailed Explanation: **Understanding Boyle's Law:** Boyle's Law states that for a given mass of an ideal gas at constant temperature, the pressure (P) of the gas is inversely proportional to its volume (V). This relationship can be mathematically expressed as: \[ P \propto \frac{1}{V} \] This means that if the volume of the gas increases, the pressure decreases, and vice versa, as long as the temperature remains constant. The law can also be expressed in the form of an equation: \[ PV = k \] where \( k \) is a constant for a given amount of gas at a constant temperature. This equation indicates that the product of pressure and volume is constant. **Step-by-Step Explanation:** 1. **Inversely Proportional Relationship:** - If you double the volume of a gas (while keeping the temperature constant), the pressure will halve. For example, if you have a gas at a pressure of 2 atm and you increase its volume to twice its original size, the new pressure will be 1 atm. - Conversely, if you decrease the volume of the gas to half, the pressure will double. This is the essence of the inverse relationship. 2. **Graphical Representation:** - If you were to plot pressure (P) against volume (V) on a graph, you would see a hyperbolic curve. As volume increases, pressure decreases, and as volume decreases, pressure increases. This visual representation reinforces the concept of inverse proportionality. 3. **Real-World Example:** - Consider a syringe filled with air. When you pull the plunger back (increasing the volume), the pressure inside the syringe decreases, making it easier to draw in more air. Conversely, if you push the plunger in (decreasing the volume), the pressure increases, making it harder to push the plunger. ### Why Other Options Are Incorrect: - **Option A: Pressure is directly proportional to volume.** - This statement is incorrect because it suggests that as one quantity increases, the other also increases. Boyle's Law clearly states the opposite; they are inversely related. - **Option C: Pressure is independent of volume.** - This option is also incorrect. According to Boyle's Law, pressure and volume are not independent; they are directly related through the inverse relationship. Changes in one will affect the other. - **Option D: Pressure equals volume multiplied by temperature.** - This statement is misleading. While it resembles the ideal gas law \( PV = nRT \) (where \( n \) is the number of moles and \( R \) is the gas constant), it does not accurately describe the relationship defined by Boyle's Law. In Boyle's Law, pressure and volume are related through their inverse relationship, not through multiplication with temperature. ### Summary for Revision: - Boyle's Law states that pressure is inversely proportional to volume at constant temperature: \( P \propto \frac{1}{V} \). - The equation can be expressed as \( PV = k \), where \( k \) is a constant. - Increasing volume decreases pressure, and decreasing volume increases pressure. - This relationship can be visualized with a hyperbolic graph of pressure versus volume. Understanding Boyle's Law is crucial for grasping the behavior of gases under varying conditions, and it lays the foundation for further studies in thermodynamics and gas laws.