Correct Option: B Explanation of Why Option B is Correct: Division of labour refers to the process of breaking down a production process into smaller, distinct tasks, each performed by different workers or groups of workers. This concept is fundamental in economics and is often associated with increased efficiency and productivity in the production process.

1. Definition of Division of Labour:
2. The division of labour means that the overall work is divided into specific tasks, and each worker specializes in one of these tasks. This specialization allows workers to become more skilled and efficient at their specific task, leading to faster production times and higher quality outputs.
3. Example of Division of Labour:
4. Consider a car manufacturing plant. Instead of one worker assembling an entire car from start to finish, the process is divided into several tasks: one worker installs the engine, another attaches the wheels, and yet another paints the car. Each worker focuses on their specific task, which they can perform more quickly and effectively than if they were responsible for the entire assembly.
5. Benefits of Division of Labour:
6. Increased Efficiency: Workers become adept at their specific tasks, reducing the time taken to complete each task.
7. Higher Productivity: With each worker focusing on a single task, the overall output of the production process increases.
8. Skill Development: Workers can develop specialized skills, which can lead to better job performance and satisfaction.

Why the Other Options are Incorrect or Weaker:

• Option A: "The labour is divided into different sections."
• This option is vague and does not accurately capture the essence of division of labour. While it mentions division, it does not specify that the work is divided into specific tasks assigned to different workers. Simply dividing labour into sections does not imply specialization or efficiency.
• Option C: "Production is completed by the different departments of a factory."
• This option suggests that different departments are responsible for production, which is a broader concept than division of labour. While departments may have specialized functions, division of labour specifically refers to the specialization of tasks among individual workers rather than departments. Thus, it does not directly address the individual task specialization that is central to the concept.
• Option D: "Commodities are produced at different times by a single labourer."
• This option implies that a single worker produces different commodities over time, which does not reflect the principle of division of labour. Division of labour emphasizes simultaneous task specialization among multiple workers rather than sequential production by one worker. This option misrepresents the concept by focusing on time rather than task division.

Summary of Key Points:

• Division of Labour: The process of breaking down production into specialized tasks performed by different workers.
• Increased Efficiency: Specialization leads to faster and more effective task completion.
• Higher Productivity: More output is generated as workers focus on specific tasks.
• Skill Development: Workers gain expertise in their assigned tasks, improving overall performance.

Understanding the concept of division of labour is crucial for grasping how economies function and how productivity can be maximized in various industries.