Correct Option: B. Sudan Explanation of the Correct Answer The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is a regional political and economic union of fifteen countries located in West Africa. The primary aim of ECOWAS is to promote economic integration and cooperation among its member states, facilitating trade and economic development in the region. Step-by-Step Explanation:

1. Understanding ECOWAS Membership:
2. ECOWAS was established in 1975 and includes countries primarily located in the West African region. The member countries are: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Mali, and Niger.
3. Identifying the Options:
4. A. Sierra Leone: This country is a member of ECOWAS.
5. B. Sudan: This country is located in North-East Africa and is not a member of ECOWAS.
6. C. Gambia: This country is a member of ECOWAS.
7. D. Nigeria: This country is a founding member of ECOWAS.
8. Conclusion:
9. Since Sudan is not located in West Africa and does not participate in ECOWAS, it is the correct answer to the question.

Explanation of Why Other Options Are Incorrect

• A. Sierra Leone:
• Sierra Leone is indeed a member of ECOWAS. It has been involved in various regional initiatives aimed at promoting economic stability and cooperation.
• C. Gambia:
• Gambia is also a member of ECOWAS. It has participated in regional meetings and agreements that aim to enhance trade and political stability in West Africa.
• D. Nigeria:
• Nigeria is one of the founding members of ECOWAS and plays a significant role in the organization, both economically and politically. It is the largest economy in West Africa and has a strong influence on regional policies.

Common Pitfalls

• Geographical Confusion: Students may confuse countries based on their geographical location. It’s important to remember that ECOWAS is specifically for West African countries.
• Misunderstanding Membership Criteria: Some may think that any African country can be a member of ECOWAS, but membership is limited to those in the West African region.

Revision Summary

• ECOWAS is a regional economic community of West African countries.
• Sudan is not a member of ECOWAS; it is located in North-East Africa.
• Sierra Leone, Gambia, and Nigeria are all members of ECOWAS.
• Understanding the geographical and political context of regional organizations is crucial for exam success.