Correct Option: B. People who confer legitimacy on elected leaders
Detailed Explanation:
- Understanding Sovereignty:
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Sovereignty refers to the ultimate authority within a territory. It is the power to govern oneself without external interference. In a democratic context, sovereignty is often associated with the will of the people.
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1999 Constitution of Nigeria:
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The 1999 Constitution is the fundamental legal document that outlines the structure of government, the rights of citizens, and the principles of governance in Nigeria. It was enacted to restore democratic governance after years of military rule.
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Where Sovereignty Resides:
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According to the 1999 Constitution, sovereignty resides in the people. This means that the authority of the government is derived from the consent of the governed. The people have the power to elect their leaders and hold them accountable, which is a cornerstone of democratic governance.
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Legitimacy of Elected Leaders:
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Elected leaders derive their legitimacy from the mandate given to them by the people during elections. This reflects the principle of popular sovereignty, where the authority of the state is created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives.
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Implications of Option B:
- By stating that sovereignty resides in the people, the constitution emphasizes the importance of democratic participation, civil rights, and the rule of law. It ensures that the government is accountable to the citizens and that their rights are protected.
Why the Other Options are Incorrect:
- Option A: Command in charge of the armed forces:
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This option suggests that sovereignty lies with military leadership. While the military may hold power in a coup or during a state of emergency, this is not a reflection of democratic governance. In a democracy, the military is subordinate to civilian authority, and sovereignty cannot reside with a military command as it undermines the principles of democracy and civilian rule.
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Option C: National Assembly which has power to make laws and amend the constitution:
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While the National Assembly plays a crucial role in law-making and governance, it does not possess sovereignty. The assembly is a representative body that derives its authority from the people. Therefore, it acts on behalf of the citizens, and its powers are limited by the constitution, which is ultimately rooted in the will of the people.
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Option D: Military which can declare any law null and of no effect:
- This option implies that the military has the power to override laws, which is characteristic of authoritarian regimes rather than democratic governance. In a democracy, laws are made by elected representatives and can only be declared null by judicial review, not by military decree. This undermines the rule of law and the democratic process.
Revision Summary:
- Sovereignty in a democracy resides with the people, as stated in the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria.
- Elected leaders derive their legitimacy from the consent of the governed.
- The National Assembly and military do not hold sovereignty; they operate within the framework established by the people's will.
- Understanding the concept of sovereignty is crucial for grasping the principles of democratic governance and accountability.