The correct option is **C. Polyethylene**. ### Detailed Explanation: 1. **Understanding Polymerization**: - Polymerization is a chemical process where small molecules called monomers join together to form a larger molecule known as a polymer. The type of polymer formed depends on the monomers used and the method of polymerization. 2. **Ethylene Monomers**: - Ethylene (C₂H₄) is a simple alkene, which means it has a double bond between two carbon atoms. It is a key building block in the production of various synthetic polymers. 3. **Polyethylene Production**: - Polyethylene is produced through the polymerization of ethylene monomers. The process typically involves either addition polymerization (chain-growth polymerization) or high-pressure polymerization. In this process, the double bond in ethylene opens up, allowing the monomers to link together to form long chains of polyethylene. - The general reaction can be represented as: \[ n \, \text{C}_2\text{H}_4 \rightarrow \text{(C}_2\text{H}_4\text{)}_n \] - Here, \( n \) represents the number of ethylene units that combine to form the polymer. 4. **Properties of Polyethylene**: - Polyethylene is one of the most widely used plastics, known for its versatility, low density, and resistance to moisture. It is used in products ranging from plastic bags to containers and bottles. ### Why the Other Options are Incorrect: - **A. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)**: - PVC is produced from the polymerization of vinyl chloride monomers (C₂H₃Cl), not ethylene. The process involves the addition of chlorine to the vinyl group, which is different from the ethylene monomer. - **B. Polystyrene**: - Polystyrene is made from the polymerization of styrene monomers (C₈H₈), which contain a phenyl group attached to the ethylene structure. Again, this is not derived from ethylene alone. - **D. Nylon**: - Nylon is a type of polyamide and is produced through a condensation polymerization process involving diamines and dicarboxylic acids (or lactams). It does not involve ethylene monomers at all. ### Common Pitfalls: - Students may confuse the names of polymers and their corresponding monomers. It’s essential to remember that the name of the polymer often reflects the monomer used in its synthesis. - Misunderstanding the type of polymerization (addition vs. condensation) can lead to incorrect answers. Knowing the specific monomers and their reactions is crucial. ### Revision Summary: - Polyethylene is produced from the polymerization of ethylene monomers (C₂H₄). - Other options (PVC, Polystyrene, Nylon) are made from different monomers and processes. - Remember the distinction between addition and condensation polymerization. - Familiarize yourself with the structures and names of common monomers and their corresponding polymers.