Correct Option: C. Igneous Explanation of the Correct Answer Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. This process can occur either beneath the Earth's surface or on the surface, leading to two main types of igneous rocks:

1. Intrusive Igneous Rocks: These rocks form when magma cools slowly beneath the Earth's surface. Because the cooling process is slow, large crystals can form. An example of an intrusive igneous rock is granite.
2. Extrusive Igneous Rocks: These rocks form when lava cools quickly on the Earth's surface. The rapid cooling results in smaller crystals. An example of an extrusive igneous rock is basalt.

The formation of igneous rocks is a fundamental part of the rock cycle, which describes how rocks are transformed from one type to another over geological time. Why the Other Options Are Incorrect A. Sedimentary: Sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation and compaction of mineral and organic particles, or through the precipitation of minerals from water. They often contain fossils and are typically found in layers. Examples include sandstone and limestone. Since sedimentary rocks do not form from magma or lava, this option is incorrect. B. Metamorphic: Metamorphic rocks are formed from existing rocks (either igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks) that have been transformed by heat, pressure, or chemically active fluids. This process is known as metamorphism. Examples include schist and marble. Since metamorphic rocks do not originate from the cooling of magma or lava, this option is also incorrect. D. Fossilized: The term "fossilized" refers to the process of fossilization, where organic materials are preserved in sedimentary rocks over geological time. Fossilized remains are typically found in sedimentary rocks and do not pertain to the formation of igneous rocks. Therefore, this option is not applicable. Summary of Key Points

• Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
• They can be classified into intrusive (formed below the surface) and extrusive (formed above the surface).
• Sedimentary rocks form from the accumulation of particles, while metamorphic rocks result from the transformation of existing rocks under heat and pressure.
• The term fossilized relates to the preservation of organic materials in sedimentary rocks, not igneous rock formation.

Revision Summary

• Igneous rocks are formed from cooling magma or lava.
• Intrusive igneous rocks cool slowly underground; extrusive rocks cool quickly on the surface.
• Sedimentary rocks form from particle accumulation; metamorphic rocks arise from existing rock transformation.
• Fossilization pertains to organic material preservation, not igneous rock formation.