Correct Option: D Explanation of Why Option D is Correct: The principle of span of control refers to the number of subordinates that a manager or supervisor can effectively oversee. This principle is crucial in organizational structure and management because it directly impacts communication, supervision, and overall efficiency within a team or organization.

1. Definition of Span of Control:
2. The span of control is the number of employees that report directly to a manager. A workable maximum means that there is an optimal number of direct reports that allows a manager to effectively supervise and support their team without becoming overwhelmed.
3. Importance of a Workable Maximum:
4. If a manager has too many direct reports, they may struggle to provide adequate attention, guidance, and support to each employee. This can lead to decreased productivity, lower morale, and potential miscommunication.
5. Conversely, if the span of control is too narrow (i.e., too few employees reporting to a manager), it can lead to inefficiencies and increased costs, as more managers are needed to supervise the same number of employees.
6. Balancing the Span of Control:
7. A workable maximum allows for a balance where managers can maintain effective oversight while ensuring that employees feel supported and engaged. This balance is often influenced by factors such as the complexity of tasks, the experience level of employees, and the nature of the work being done.

Why the Other Options are Wrong or Weaker: Option A: An employee should report to only one superior. - While it is generally true that having a single direct supervisor can help avoid confusion and conflicting instructions (known as the principle of unity of command), this statement does not directly address the concept of span of control. The span of control focuses more on the number of employees reporting to a manager rather than the number of managers an employee reports to. Option B: Manager must demand accountability from their subordinates. - Accountability is an important aspect of management, but it is not the essence of the span of control principle. This option focuses on the relationship between managers and their subordinates rather than the structural aspect of how many subordinates a manager can effectively oversee. Option C: Resources have to be economized within the various divisions. - This statement relates more to resource management and efficiency within divisions rather than the span of control. While effective management of resources is important, it does not directly pertain to the number of employees a manager can supervise. Summary of Key Points:

• Span of Control: Refers to the number of subordinates a manager can effectively supervise.
• Workable Maximum: Ensures managers can provide adequate support and oversight without being overwhelmed.
• Balance: A proper span of control enhances communication, productivity, and employee morale.
• Misconceptions: Other options focus on accountability and resource management, which are not central to the span of control principle.

This understanding of the span of control is essential for effective management and organizational structure, ensuring that teams operate efficiently and effectively.