Correct Option: A. has the capacity to defend itself from external aggression
Detailed Explanation:
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Understanding Sovereignty: A sovereign state is defined as a political entity that has supreme authority over its territory and is recognized as such by other states. This means it has the power to govern itself without external interference. One of the key features of sovereignty is the ability to protect its territory and citizens from external threats.
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Capacity to Defend: The capacity to defend itself from external aggression is crucial for a sovereign state. This includes having a military force, intelligence capabilities, and strategic resources to deter or respond to threats from other nations. A state that cannot defend itself may be seen as weak or vulnerable, which can undermine its sovereignty and lead to external control or influence.
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International Recognition: The ability to defend itself is also tied to how other states perceive its sovereignty. A state that can effectively protect its borders and maintain order is more likely to be recognized as a legitimate sovereign entity by the international community.
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Historical Context: Throughout history, many states have lost their sovereignty due to their inability to defend themselves. For example, countries that were unable to resist invasion or aggression often became colonies or protectorates, losing their sovereign status.
Why the Other Options are Wrong or Weaker:
- Option B: has a large number of soldiers:
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While having a large military can contribute to a state's defense capacity, it is not a defining feature of sovereignty. A state can be sovereign with a small, well-trained military or even rely on alliances for defense. The quality and effectiveness of the military are more important than sheer numbers.
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Option C: practises the presidential system of government:
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The type of government system (presidential, parliamentary, etc.) does not determine a state's sovereignty. Sovereignty is about authority and control over a territory, not the specific political structure in place. Different sovereign states can have various forms of government and still maintain their sovereignty.
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Option D: is not indebted to other countries:
- A sovereign state can still be in debt to other countries and maintain its sovereignty. Sovereignty is about political independence and control, not financial status. Many sovereign states operate with national debts and still function independently.
Revision Summary:
- A sovereign state must have the capacity to defend itself from external aggression, which is essential for maintaining its sovereignty.
- The size of a military (Option B) or the type of government (Option C) does not define sovereignty.
- A state can be sovereign even if it has debts to other countries (Option D).
- Sovereignty is fundamentally about political authority and territorial integrity, not merely military strength or financial independence.