The correct option is C. Proportional Representation. Explanation of the Correct Answer Proportional Representation (PR) is an electoral system designed to ensure that the number of seats a party or candidate secures in the legislature is directly proportional to the number of votes they receive. This means that if a party receives 30% of the votes, they should ideally receive approximately 30% of the seats in the legislature. How Proportional Representation Works:

1. Vote Counting: In PR systems, votes are counted in a way that reflects the overall preferences of the electorate. This can be done through various methods, such as party lists or single transferable votes.
2. Seat Allocation: After counting the votes, seats are allocated to parties based on their share of the total votes. This can involve complex calculations, but the key idea is that the distribution of seats mirrors the distribution of votes.
3. Inclusivity: PR systems tend to encourage a multi-party system, as smaller parties have a better chance of gaining representation compared to winner-takes-all systems.

Why the Other Options Are Incorrect or Weaker A. First-Past-The-Post (FPTP): - In FPTP, the candidate who receives the most votes in a constituency wins. This system does not ensure proportionality; a party can win a majority of seats without a majority of votes. For example, a party could win 40% of the votes and secure 60% of the seats, while other parties with significant vote shares receive no representation at all. B. Single Transferable Vote (STV): - While STV is a preferential voting system that allows voters to rank candidates, it is not primarily designed to ensure proportional representation in the same way that PR does. STV can lead to proportional outcomes, but it is more focused on individual candidate preferences and can be complex in its counting process. It does not guarantee that the overall seat distribution will match the overall vote distribution as directly as PR does. D. Majoritarian System: - Majoritarian systems, like the two-round system, require a candidate to receive a majority of votes to win. This can lead to situations where a candidate wins with a small percentage of the total votes if the opposition is split among multiple candidates. Like FPTP, majoritarian systems do not ensure that the proportion of votes translates into a proportional number of seats. Summary of Key Points

• Proportional Representation ensures that the percentage of votes a party receives is reflected in the number of seats they secure.
• First-Past-The-Post and Majoritarian Systems do not guarantee proportionality, often leading to disproportionate outcomes.
• Single Transferable Vote allows for preferential voting but does not primarily focus on proportionality in the same way as PR.
• Understanding the differences between these systems is crucial for analyzing electoral outcomes and their implications for democracy.

Revision Summary

• Proportional Representation aligns votes with seats in the legislature.
• FPTP and Majoritarian Systems can lead to disproportional outcomes.
• STV focuses on candidate preferences but is not primarily about proportionality.
• Recognizing these systems helps in understanding electoral fairness and representation.