The correct option is B. Proportional Representation. Explanation of the Correct Answer Proportional Representation (PR) is an electoral system where voters cast their votes for political parties rather than individual candidates. The key feature of this system is that the number of seats each party receives in the legislature is directly proportional to the number of votes they receive in the election. How Proportional Representation Works:

1. Voting Process: In a PR system, voters typically receive a ballot that lists political parties. They mark their preferred party instead of individual candidates.
2. Vote Counting: After the election, the total number of votes each party receives is counted.
3. Seat Allocation: Seats in the legislature are allocated to each party based on the proportion of the total votes they received. For example, if a party receives 30% of the votes, they would ideally receive approximately 30% of the seats in the legislature.

This system aims to ensure that the representation in the legislature reflects the diversity of voter preferences, allowing smaller parties a chance to gain representation, which is often not possible in winner-takes-all systems. Why the Other Options Are Incorrect A. First-Past-The-Post (FPTP): - In the FPTP system, voters cast their votes for individual candidates, and the candidate with the most votes in a constituency wins. This system does not allocate seats based on the proportion of votes received by parties, leading to a potential mismatch between the percentage of votes and the percentage of seats won. For example, a party could win a majority of seats without receiving a majority of the votes. C. Single Transferable Vote (STV): - The STV system allows voters to rank candidates in order of preference. While it does aim to achieve proportional representation, it operates on a different mechanism where votes can be transferred from one candidate to another based on preferences. Voters still vote for individual candidates, not parties, which distinguishes it from the PR system. D. Two-Round System: - In a two-round system, if no candidate receives a majority of votes in the first round, a second round is held between the top candidates. This system focuses on individual candidates rather than parties and does not allocate seats based on the proportion of votes received by parties. It is often used in presidential elections rather than legislative elections. Summary of Key Points

• Proportional Representation allows voters to vote for parties, with seats allocated based on the proportion of votes received.
• First-Past-The-Post focuses on individual candidates and does not ensure proportionality in seat allocation.
• Single Transferable Vote involves ranking candidates and does not primarily focus on party votes.
• Two-Round System is a candidate-focused system that may not reflect proportionality in party representation.

Revision Summary

• Proportional Representation allocates seats based on party votes.
• FPTP awards seats to individual candidates, often leading to disproportional outcomes.
• STV allows ranking of candidates but does not focus on party votes.
• The Two-Round System is candidate-centric and not proportional.