The correct option is
B. Shalmaneser.
Detailed Explanation:
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Historical Context: The Assyrian Empire was a powerful ancient empire that existed in the Near East. It was known for its military conquests and the establishment of a vast empire that included the northern kingdom of Israel, where Samaria was located.
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The Fall of Samaria: Samaria was the capital of the northern kingdom of Israel. It fell to the Assyrians in 722 BCE. This event marked a significant moment in biblical history, as it led to the exile of the Israelites and the end of the northern kingdom.
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Shalmaneser V: Shalmaneser V was the king of Assyria who is credited with the siege and capture of Samaria. He ruled from 727 to 722 BCE. His military campaigns were aimed at consolidating Assyrian power and expanding its territory. The fall of Samaria was part of his efforts to subdue the rebellious northern kingdom of Israel.
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Sennacherib: While Sennacherib (who ruled from 705 to 681 BCE) is another prominent Assyrian king known for his military campaigns, he was not the one who took Samaria. Instead, he is famous for his campaigns against Judah and the siege of Jerusalem, which occurred later.
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Elah and Hilkiah:
- Elah: Elah was a king of Israel who reigned before the fall of Samaria. He was not involved in the Assyrian conquest and is not relevant to the question.
- Hilkiah: Hilkiah was a high priest during the reign of King Josiah of Judah. He is known for discovering the Book of the Law in the temple but had no direct connection to the events surrounding the fall of Samaria.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
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A. Elah: Incorrect because he was a king of Israel who ruled before the Assyrian conquest and had no role in the events leading to the fall of Samaria.
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C. Sennacherib: Incorrect because, although he was a significant Assyrian king, he came to power after the fall of Samaria and is known for his campaigns against Judah, not Israel.
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D. Hilkiah: Incorrect as he was a religious leader and had no military or political role in the Assyrian conquest of Samaria.
Summary of Key Points:
- The king of Assyria who took Samaria was Shalmaneser V.
- The fall of Samaria occurred in 722 BCE, marking the end of the northern kingdom of Israel.
- Sennacherib, Elah, and Hilkiah are not relevant to the conquest of Samaria.
- Understanding the timeline and roles of these figures is crucial for grasping the historical context of the Assyrian Empire's expansion.