Correct Option: A. Lapping and sponging Detailed Explanation: The mouthparts of the housefly (Musca domestica) are specifically adapted for lapping and sponging, which is crucial for their feeding habits. Let's break down the anatomy and function of these mouthparts to understand why option A is correct.

1. Anatomy of Housefly Mouthparts:
2. Houseflies possess a unique structure known as a proboscis, which is elongated and flexible. This structure is primarily used for feeding.
3. The proboscis is equipped with a sponging mechanism. At the tip of the proboscis, there are specialized structures called labella that are flat and sponge-like. These labella are covered with tiny grooves and hairs that help in soaking up liquids.
4. Feeding Mechanism:
5. Houseflies primarily feed on liquid substances. They do not chew solid food; instead, they rely on their sponging mouthparts to lap up liquids.
6. When a housefly lands on a food source, it extends its proboscis and uses the labella to absorb the liquid. The grooves in the labella help to draw the liquid into the mouthparts through capillary action.
7. Adaptation to Diet:
8. Houseflies are often found feeding on decaying organic matter, sugary substances, and other liquids. Their mouthparts are perfectly adapted to this diet, allowing them to efficiently consume nutrients from their environment.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

• Option B: Sucking and chewing:
• This option suggests that houseflies have mouthparts adapted for both sucking and chewing. However, houseflies do not possess chewing mouthparts. They lack mandibles (the jaw-like structures used for chewing) and instead have evolved to lap up liquids.
• Option C: Piercing and sucking:
• This option is more characteristic of insects like mosquitoes, which have mouthparts designed to pierce the skin and suck blood. Houseflies do not have the anatomical structures necessary for piercing; they are not blood-feeders and do not require such adaptations.
• Option D: Chewing and lapping:
• Similar to option B, this option incorrectly implies that houseflies can chew. As mentioned earlier, houseflies do not have chewing mouthparts. They are adapted for lapping up liquids, making this option incorrect.

Summary of Key Points:

• Houseflies have mouthparts adapted for lapping and sponging, allowing them to feed on liquids.
• The proboscis is equipped with labella that absorb liquid through capillary action.
• Houseflies do not have chewing or piercing mouthparts, which distinguishes them from other insects with different feeding habits.
• Understanding the specific adaptations of housefly mouthparts is crucial for recognizing their ecological role and feeding behavior.

This thorough understanding of the housefly's mouthparts and their function will help you in your biology studies and exams.