The organelles present in cells that are actively respiring and photosynthesizing are
lysosomes and ribosomes
Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum
nucleus and centrioles
mitochondria and chloroplast
Correct Answer:D
Explanation
The correct option is D. mitochondria and chloroplast.
Detailed Explanation:
Understanding the Organelles:
Mitochondria: These are known as the "powerhouses" of the cell. They are responsible for cellular respiration, a process that converts biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used as energy by the cell. Mitochondria are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells, including animal and plant cells.
Chloroplasts: These organelles are found in plant cells and some protists. They are responsible for photosynthesis, the process by which light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of glucose. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, the green pigment that captures light energy.
Why Option D is Correct:
Both mitochondria and chloroplasts are essential for energy transformation in cells. Mitochondria perform aerobic respiration, which is crucial for energy production in cells that require oxygen. Chloroplasts, on the other hand, capture sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen through photosynthesis. In plants, these two processes are interconnected; the glucose produced in chloroplasts can be used in mitochondria to generate ATP.
Why Other Options are Incorrect:
A. Lysosomes and ribosomes:
Lysosomes are involved in digestion and waste removal within the cell. They contain enzymes that break down macromolecules. They do not play a direct role in respiration or photosynthesis.
Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis. While they are essential for cell function, they do not directly participate in energy production or conversion processes like respiration or photosynthesis.
B. Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum:
The Golgi apparatus is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles. It does not have a role in respiration or photosynthesis.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) comes in two forms: rough (with ribosomes) and smooth (without ribosomes). The rough ER synthesizes proteins, while the smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification. Neither type of ER is involved in energy production or conversion.
C. Nucleus and centrioles:
The nucleus is the control center of the cell, housing the cell's genetic material (DNA). It regulates gene expression and cell division but does not directly participate in respiration or photosynthesis.
Centrioles are involved in cell division, specifically in the formation of spindle fibers that separate chromosomes. They do not have a role in energy production or conversion.
Summary of Key Points:
Mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration, producing ATP for energy.
Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.
Both organelles are crucial for energy transformation in cells, particularly in plants.
Other options (lysosomes, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, ER, nucleus, centrioles) do not directly participate in respiration or photosynthesis.