The correct answer is
C. Glucose + fructose.
Detailed Explanation:
- Understanding Sucrose:
- Sucrose is a disaccharide, which means it is composed of two monosaccharide units. The two monosaccharides that make up sucrose are glucose and fructose.
-
The chemical formula for sucrose is C12H22O11.
-
Hydrolysis Process:
- Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction that involves the breaking of a bond in a molecule using water. In the case of sucrose, hydrolysis involves the addition of a water molecule to break the glycosidic bond between glucose and fructose.
-
The reaction can be represented as:
[
\text{Sucrose} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{Glucose} + \text{Fructose}
]
-
Enzymatic Action:
-
The hydrolysis of sucrose is typically catalyzed by the enzyme sucrase (or invertase). This enzyme facilitates the breakdown of sucrose into its constituent monosaccharides.
-
Final Products:
- After hydrolysis, the products are one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose. This is why option C is correct.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
- Option A: Glucose + glucose:
-
This option suggests that sucrose hydrolysis produces two glucose molecules. This is incorrect because sucrose does not contain two glucose units; it contains one glucose and one fructose.
-
Option B: Fructose + fructose:
-
Similar to option A, this option implies that sucrose hydrolysis yields two fructose molecules. This is also incorrect for the same reason; sucrose is made up of one glucose and one fructose.
-
Option D: Galactose + glucose:
- This option introduces galactose, which is not a component of sucrose. Galactose is a monosaccharide found in lactose (the sugar in milk), not in sucrose. Therefore, this option is incorrect.
Summary of Key Points:
- Sucrose is a disaccharide made of glucose and fructose.
- Hydrolysis of sucrose involves the addition of water, breaking it down into glucose and fructose.
- The correct products of sucrose hydrolysis are glucose and fructose (Option C).
- Other options incorrectly suggest combinations of glucose, fructose, or introduce unrelated sugars like galactose.
This understanding of sucrose hydrolysis is fundamental in biochemistry and helps in grasping how carbohydrates are metabolized in living organisms.