Question(s):

Question 1

a. Name five vertebrae in mammals with their corresponding locations. 

b. State one function of each of the following parts in a dicotyledonous leaf:

• (i) Palisade
• (ii) Vascular bundle
• (iii) Epidermis 

c. State one function of each of the following parts in the stem of a flowering plant:

• (i) Sieve tube
• (ii) Cortex
• (iii) Pith 

d. In a tabular form, state:

• (i) Two external structural differences between the stem and root of a maize seedling. 
• (ii) Two internal structural differences between the stem and root of a maize seedling. 

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Question 2

a. State three features of the small intestine that increase the rate of absorption of digested food.

b. Explain briefly what happens to the glucose formed in a plant during photosynthesis. 

c. Explain briefly the mode of feeding in each of the following organisms:

• (i) Euglena 
• (ii) Spirogyra 

d. State three characteristics of an estuarine habitat. 

e. State three differences between an aquatic habitat and a terrestrial habitat.

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Question 3

a. State five:

• (i) Challenges that make conservation of resources difficult. 
• (ii) Ways by which the government of a country ensures conservation of natural resources. 

b. What is an endangered species? 

c. A child with blood group O was born to a mother of blood group A.

• (i) What is the blood group genotype of the child? 
• (ii) What are the possible blood group genotypes of the father? 

d. State three reasons why genetic variation is important to plants. 

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Question 4

A homozygous tall, red-flowered plant was crossed with a homozygous dwarf, white-flowered plant. The F1 generation was selfed, and 160 F2 plants were obtained.

a.

• (i) Name the type of genetic cross. 
• (ii) State one reason for the answer in 4(a)(i). 

b.

• (i) What is evolution? 
• (ii) With the aid of a genetic diagram, state the phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation. 
• (iii) Calculate the number of tall and white-flowered plants that would be obtained in the F2 generation.

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Question 5

a.

• (i) Complete the table below with the respiratory surface of each listed organism:

Organism	Respiratory Surface
Tadpole (2 days old)
Cockroach
Domestic fowl
Talinum
Earthworm
Amoeba

• (ii) State five characteristic features of respiratory surfaces in organisms. 

b. Make a drawing (4–6 cm long) of the respiratory organ in Tilapia and label fully. 

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Question 6

a. List five parts of the alimentary canal of an earthworm.

b. State six ways by which water could be polluted through agricultural activities. 

c. Describe briefly the life cycle of a housefly. 

d. Make a diagram (6–8 cm long) of the hypogeal germination of a mature maize seedling and label fully. 

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Question 7

The table below shows the percentage composition of fat and protein in six different meat types. Study it and answer the questions.

Meat Type	Fat (%)	Protein (%)
A	07.2	21.3
B	25.3	10.6
C	20.0	22.5
D	03.1	28.2
E	12.6	17.3
F	13.2	14.3

a.

• (i) Which two meat types may be recommended for an obese patient? 
• (ii) State one reason for the answer in 7(a)(i). 

b.

• (i) Which two meat types would provide the most energy? 
• (ii) State two reasons for the answer in 7(b)(i). 

c.

• (i) Which three meat types could be recommended for a child suffering from kwashiorkor? 
• (ii) State one reason for the answer in 7(c)(i). 

d. Which of the meat types would most likely be suitable for:

• (i) An active teenager 
• (ii) A 70-year-old human 

e. Which other class of food provides energy? 

f. State three uses of fat in the human body. 

g. Describe briefly the procedure for testing for fat in a meat sample using a piece of white paper.